Rules of Narration
Reported Speech = Indirect Speech;
Sp = Speech
Can- could, may-might,
will-would, shall-should/would, must-had to Today – present day,
tomorrow-the next day, yesterday – the day before, now-then, Here-there, this-that,
thus-so, these-those, hither-thither, come-go, hence-thence, next-the followingPlease-requested to,
Imperative- ordered, Alas!- exclaimed sadly
Reporting verb ‘says’ থাকলে,
Indirect speech tense change হয়
নাEg: He
says, “You are looking fine” ---> He says that I am looking fine.
Direct
speech absolute truth হলে, Indirect speech tense change হয় নাEg:
He said, “The sun rises in the east” ---> He said that the sun rises in the east.
Rule-1:
Direct Sp-এ Reporting Verb মাঝে অথবা শেষে থাকলে Indirect Sp-এ Reporting Verb বাক্যের একদম শুরুতে থাকবে।
Eg:
Direct Sp
“Will you play football tomorrow?” I asked Atif. I asked Atif if he would play
football the next day.
Rule-2:
দ্বিতীয়
বা
তৎপরবর্তী
Direct
Sp-কে Indirect করার
সময়ে
Assertive Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে
“ added/further added/ also said/again said”
হবে।
Direct Sp -The
teacher said to me, “You can stop reading. You may read tomorrow”.
Indirect Sp -The
teacher told me that I could stop reading then. He added that I might
read the next day.
Rule-3(A):
Direct Sp-এ
শুধু
“Yes”
দেয়া
থাকলে Indirect Sp-এর structure হবে “Subject + replied in the affirmative.” অথবা,
“Subject + do/does/did/was/were/has/have/had.”
Eg:
Direct Sp- Arik
asked me, “Have you done your task?” I said, “Yes.”
Indirect Sp -Arik
asked me if I had done my task. I replied in the affirmative.
Arik asked me if I had done my task. I said that I had.
Rule-3(B):
Direct Sp-এ “Yes”-এর
পর
কোনো
বক্তব্য
থাকলে Indirect Sp-এর structure হবে “Subject + replied in the affirmative + and
said that…”
Direct Sp -Arik
said to Atif, “Have you finished your homework?” “Yes, I will
submit it tomorrow”, said Atif.
Indirect Sp -Arik
asked Atif if he (Atif) had finished his homework. Atif replied in the
affirmative and said that he would submit that the next day.
Rule-3(C):
Direct Sp-এ
শুধু “No” দেয়া থাকলে Indirect Sp-
এর structure হবে “Subject + replied in the negative.” অথবা,
“Subject + Auxiliary Verb + Not”.
Direct Sp- Afrin
said to Fateha, “Are you preparing now?” Fateha said, “No”.
Indirect Sp-Afrin
asked Fateha if she (F) was preparing then. Fateha replied in the negative.
Afrin asked Fateha if she (F) was preparing then. Fateha
replied that she was not.
Rule-3(D):
Direct Sp-এ
“No”-এর পর কোনো বক্তব্য থাকলে Indirect Sp-এর structure হবে “Subject + replied in the negative + and said
that”.
Direct Sp -Arif
said to Papia, “Are you coming to my home tomorrow?” “No, I have changed
my decision”, said Papia.
Indirect Sp -Arif
asked Papia if she (P) was coming to her (A) house the next day. Papia replied in
the negative and said that she (P) had changed her decision.
Rule-4:
Direct Sp-এ ‘Sir’ থাকলে
Indirect Sp-এ “Addressing as
Sir” যোগ
করতে
হবে
অথবা, Sir-এর
পরিবর্তে “Respectfully” হবে।
Direct Sp -The
student said to his teacher, “Sir, I need the answer sheets.”
Indirect Sp -The
student told the teacher respectfully that he needed the answer sheets.
Addressing the teacher as Sir, the student said that
he needed the answer sheets.
Rule-5:
Direct Sp-এ
যদি
কাউকে
সম্বোধন (Address) করা
হয়,
তাহলে Indirect Sp-এর প্রথমে
“Addressing as” যুক্ত হবে।
Direct Sp- “Are
you tired, friends?” said the Army chief.
Indirect Sp -Addressing
them as friends, the army chief asked if they were tired.
Rule-6:
Direct Sp-এ
“By
Allah/By Jove/By God/By my life” থাকলে Indirect Sp-এ “Swearing by Allah/ by Jove/ by God/ by my
life.” যোগ
হবে।
Direct Sp- “By Allah”, she replied, “I will not
do this work”.
Indirect Sp - Swearing
by Allah, she replied that she would not do that work.
Rule-7:
Inverted Comma-এর বাইরে
Reporting Verb যুক্ত
Phrase-এর অতিরিক্ত অংশ হিসেবে Present Participle Phrase থাকলে Indirect Sp-এ “Present
Participle Phrase” Sentence এর
শুরুতে
বসে।
Direct Sp- “Are
you brothers?” asked the mistress of the house, turning to the dervishes.
Indirect Sp -Turning
to the dervishes, the mistress of the house asked if they were brothers.
Rule-8:
Direct Sp-টি Assertive হওয়া
সত্ত্বেও
তার
শেষে
প্রশ্নবোধক
চিহ্ন
থাকলে Indirect Sp-এ Reporting Verb-এর পূর্বে “Being surprised” লিখতে হয়।
Direct Sp - He
said to her, “You have kept in mind how they survived?”
Indirect Sp - Being
surprised, he asked her if she had kept in mind how they had survived.
Rule-9:
Direct Sp - She
said to him, “Thank you”. Indirect
Sp - She thanked him.
Rule-10:
Direct Sp এ “Good bye” থাকলে
Indirect Sp-এর Structure হবে “Reporting Verb-এর Subject + bid/bade + Reporting Verb-এর object + good bye.”
Direct Sp - She
said, “Good bye my buddies!”.
Indirect Sp -She bade
her buddies good bye.
Rule-11:
Direct Sp-এ “good
morning/good evening/good night” থাকলে
Indirect Sp-এর Structure হবে “Reporting Verb-এর Subject + wish/wished + good morning/ good
evening/good night.”
Eg:
Direct Sp - He
said to her, “Good night”.
Indirect Sp -He wished
her good night.
Rule-12:
অনেক সময়
Direct Sp-এ
পূর্ণাঙ্গ
Sentence না
থেকে
Sentence
এর অংশ অর্থাৎ
Phrase থাকলে,
Indirect Sp-এ বক্তার বক্তব্যকে অনুসরণ করে উক্ত
Sp-কে
পূর্ণাঙ্গ
Sentence-এ
রূপান্তর করতে হয়।
Direct Sp – “You’ve
served me a good meal. How much to pay you?” I said to the waiter. “Four hundred fifty Taka?” -“Anything is
alright.”
Indirect Sp -I
told the waiter that he had served me a good meal. I also asked him how much I
should pay him. I further asked him if four hundred fifty taka would do. He
replied that anything was all right.
Rule-13:
যদি Direct Sp-এ বক্তা ও শ্রোতা উল্লেখ না থাকে, তাহলে বক্তার ক্ষেত্রে
“The
speaker” এবং
শ্রোতার
ক্ষেত্রে “The listener” অথবা
“The person spoken to” ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
Eg:
Direct Sp – “Are
you playing tomorrow?” “Yes, I will play tomorrow afternoon.”
Indirect Sp -The
speaker asked the listener if he (L) was playing the next day. The listener replied
in the affirmative and said that he would play the next afternoon.
Eg:
He said, “The sun rises in the east” ---> He said that the sun rises in the east.
